Discuss paul gilroy quote (youth cultural practice) Essay

Talk about paul gilroy quote (youth social practice) - Essay Example considered distinctive nearby factors just as accounts, they trust that they can agree that diverse youth societies are at this point facilitating a persuasive responsibility between these musings and the reluctant - miniaturized scale political rather than pre-political - appearances that oppose them either by attesting contrast just as assorted variety or by celebrating the amazing quality of various racial and ethnic contrasts. All the more new music edifies how these effects are diminished into similar motions, the indistinguishable pleased second. For this justification alone, it appears to be appropriate to investigate those societies with the end goal of plan how replies seeing the new bigotry just as its minority supplements have created and furthermore to see what energies distinctive youth societies can give route for future opposes against the ethnic absolutism, prejudice just as patriotism (Gilroy, 1993). As per Gilroy 1993), these previously mentioned viewpoints identifi ed with youth social practices are prompting the impact where these societies are developing as the fundamental cross breed of various social just as political structures (Gilroy, 1993). Gilroy’s thought of youth culture, in this unique situation, is firmly connected with the perception that distinctive social and political viewpoints are interrelated with these practices. Diverse social viewpoints, for example, the level of social joining between one network and the other and the related change of different social and common angles and thoughts are viewed as the most significant controlling power behind the improvement of youth social practices. In the vast majority of the cases, youth social practices are guided by the related standards or rules and guidelines of the general public viable. For example, the circumstance where huge number of individuals over the network are ingesting medications or are making critical measure of social disturbance in the territory are well on the way to be seen influencing the young social practices inside that network.

Assessment Of Into The Wild Essay Example For Students

Evaluation Of Into The Wild Essay Albeit correctly on track in his appraisal of Chris McCandless being in contact with the no frills substance of nature, Gordon Youngs going before portrayal of Chris ought to be reworded: A significantly Un-American figure, inflexible in his methodology and altogether idealistic about what's to come. For Chris McCandless didn't embark to appear or demonstrate his American character. Neither does he endorse or need to embody a genuine current American character, since genuine American character doesn't look for isolation, leaning toward the seat to the trolley, or the star-sprinkled sky to a rooftop, or, particularly, the dark and troublesome path, driving into the obscure, to any cleared parkway and the profound spot of the wild to the discontent reproduced by urban communities, as states Everett Ruess. Truth be told, in todays universe of ceaseless solaces and comforts, nature and escaping implies setting up a tent in the patio, or driving our RV to a campsite, connecting the warmth, the TV, and the phone and drinking a lager. Truly, Chris McCandless exemplified what it is to be whimsical, untraditional, nature-adoring. Whats progressively significant, Chris indicated us a specific level of opportunity, what genuine freedom is aboutthe opportunity of the individual, however the opportunity of something a lot higher than thatthe opportunity of the psyche. Opportunity from cultural limitations of continually being somebody, assuming some job. More than anybody, up until this point, Chris has demonstrated me a genuine personality, for in a spot where one is distant from everyone else for a significant distance around, a spot where endurance is an hourly errand, where the main environmental factors are the untamed life, where one is encircled by steady dumbfounding issues magnificence and risk, life of nature and passing in nature, physical restrictions, for example, hunger and complete opportunity of the insight and brain, a spot where the main colleagues are Leo Tolstoy, Henry David Thoreau, and Jack London, themselves unimposed people with an ability to cherish nature and a craving to be freeif in such a spot a man can't be basically a man, his own selfthere will never be such a spot and time of uniqueness. On the off chance that one can't discover an identityhis genuine self here, he will never discover it. It is an intriguing idea, nature and opportunity. For nature permits us to escape from our timeour cultural forced timetable, our time clock and change to natures clockan fascinating idea, for, in the event that anything, it confines us from numerous points of view: dusk means rest and cold, downpour shows us unavoidable wetness and wretchedness, and day break is a period of enlivening. Along these lines, somehow or another, it is a limitation. Profoundly, be that as it may, it is an opportunity through association with naturegoing at natures pace, at a NATURAL pace, not at our own falsely made, cultural forced pace. Nature likewise connotes another kind of scholarly opportunity: the opportunity to act naturally, the opportunity from assuming a job. Also, along these lines, nature is an extreme test: without the mobile phones and weapons, the cooling and gas controlled accommodations, the separately wrapped Twinkie bars and bundled water, would we say we are sufficient ourselves to get by inside the nature without every one of these comforts weve made for ourselves? It is a trial of value of our reality on this planet, value of guaranteeing ourselves as a piece of nature. Chris indicated us, and the nature, that a few of us are in any event sufficiently able to endeavor such a presence, to experience such preliminary: he took a stab at demonstrating to the nature that we, as individuals, are deserving of such a case. Chris, in any case, didn't decide to demonstrate anything to nature, or truly, to anybody. Chris venture was an otherworldly one, and an egotistical one so narrow minded, truth be told, that he couldn't have cared less about the impact of his activities on others, for example, his family. Chris didn't raise vows and give that to noble cause in spite of the fact that he gave away his assets and reserve funds with an end goal to free himself of shallow stuff. Nor did he advance what he had decided to do. Chris venture was an individual campaign of a quest for internal and external isolation, of life off the land, of freeing self of that which frustrates us from acting naturally. .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708 , .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708 .postImageUrl , .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708 , .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708:hover , .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708:visited , .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708:active { border:0!important; } .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708:active , .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708:hover { obscurity: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enhancement: underline; } .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u74b1452f44 81af0af26431b9cdab3708 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u74b1452f4481af0af26431b9cdab3708:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Bartleby-The Scrivener EssayHis was a hunt of what life is about, and I significantly appreciate his character, his astuteness, and his quality in having done what he did. I appreciate his mission for information, his looking for own character, and what he may discover just as, in a specific way his naivety and ineptitude, in spite of the fact that this is the thing that murdered him, yet both of these are what kept him on this journey. The idiom God keeps an eye out for morons and lushes is valid in Chris caseGod protected him for quite a while so that Chris could find what he found for himself. No, Chris positively doesn't speak to an American character in todays societyhe speaks to and can be related with somebody from the extraordinary custom of American writing, from Huck Finn to Jack London and from Thoreau to Ernest Hemingway.

How a Battle of Memories Got Me Thinking on Memorial Day

How a Battle of Memories Got Me Thinking on Memorial Day Memory. I’m writing this on Memorial Day, and I ask you: Do you trust your memory? I have recently had several occasions to consider the question of memory. The first and most personal was a battle of memories. Some of you may remember that I sent a survey out to my readersâ€"with entry into a raffle as a reward for completing itâ€"but forgot to collect contact information along with the survey responses. When I wrote an email apologizing and asking for names and email addresses, I also mentioned that I would like to know who called me an “adorable genius.” The Battle In an odd twist, not one but two people claimed to have written the “adorable genius” quote! And they both had clear evidence in their own minds that they had written it. I tried every way I could think of, jogging their memories and getting concrete evidence. Neither recognized, upon my sending them, the answers to the other two questions in the survey. Both have Charter as their Internet Service Provider and live in Madison, so the IP address and location contained in the SurveyMonkey report were of no use. And both expressed a level of hurt that I would doubt them. After various exchanges with both men, I believe that each of them believes he wrote the comment. I will probably never know which one of them it actually was. If you have an idea of how to solve this quandary, please let me know. In the meantime, I’ll accept that memory is not perfect. And I will be honored that at least two people in my life have such a positive sentiment toward me. Perhaps in this particular case, the truth doesn’t really matter in the end. The Importanceâ€"and Unreliabilityâ€"of Memory In other situations, mistaken memory has greater consequences. I have been listening to the Amanda Knox story, Waiting to Be Heard  , a memoir of an American college student wrongly convicted of murder in Italy. Following the murder, Amanda was questioned repeatedly by police until she did not trust her own memory. Amanda was not an eyewitness to the crime, but was the first person to discover the crime scene. She was therefore questioned aggressively, and was ultimately, in part because she did not report every detail of what she saw consistently, accused of and sentenced for the murder. According to Wikipedia, it is well-accepted that eyewitness testimony in trials is fairly unreliable and should not be viewed as the absolute truth. A person’s mood can affect how he or she remembers somethingâ€"and moods can swing quite dramatically at the time of a crime. Furthermore, in something called the “misinformation effect,” someone’s memory can become compromised because of additional information obtained after the event. The Journal of the Association for Psychological Science published a study showing that simply recalling a memory enhances or distorts it! (See Lifehacker’s Why Your Memory Sucks (and What You Can Do About It) and Double Woods 4 Crazy Things We Misunderstand About Human Memory for engaging explorations of these topics!) The Delusion of Trusting Memory If something as simple as this can make memory unreliable, why do we ever trust our recollection of events? Furthermore, why do we trust ourselves to remember to do the things we say we’re going to do? Last week I had a short homework assignment to do for a non-credit personal growth class I’m taking. The assignment was given on Monday and was due on Wednesday night. I did not put time in my calendar to do it. All day Tuesday I thought about doing the assignment, but I wanted to wait until I had more material to put into it. Guess what? Wednesday night came and went, and I had not done it. I am also notorious for thinking I’ll remember what I need from the grocery store, then forgetting a key item I meant to buy. Yet I persist in almost never writing down my shopping lists (and in doubling back to the store to get what I forgot). Perhaps if the grocery were 50 miles instead of a 5-minute walk from my house, I would change my system. Write it Down! On a group business coaching call last week, one of the participants expressed frustration that an employee did not remember how to do a task after learning how to do it. Sometimes this employee didn’t remember having done the task at all. The obvious solution was to have this employee write down everything he does and document it. This way he can repeat the task later and also have evidence of what he has done and not done. The truth is, our memories are almost completely unreliable. We are overly confident in our ability to remember things, and we make a lot of mistakes due to that overconfidence. Not only that, but we expect other people to remember things accurately! I am still baffled that two people are 100% certain that they wrote that     “adorable genius” comment. But after the little bit of research I did on memory, it makes sense that at some point their memory was simply altered. Clearly, writing things down is a great antidote and solves many memory issues. If I had collected information the first time around for my secret admirers, I would have known who gave me the “adorable genius” compliment. If I put things on my calendar I almost always remember to do them. If I put things on a shopping list I buy them. If I write down my brilliant blog ideas I remember to write about them! While I know writing things down is a good idea, I imagine I will continue to do so only sometimesâ€"until something becomes a big enough problem that I need to make a change. Memorial Day On a day like Memorial Day, we are called to remember in a different way. This day is an opportunity to honor the men and women we have lost. Yet most of us go to parties and picnics without thinking too much about the solemn aspects of the holiday. Our memories are so unreliable that we forget to remember at all. On this Memorial Day, whether we remember accurately or not, let’s remember that sometimes the point is, quite simply, just to remember.

Essay on Alzheimers Disease - 1236 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Alzheimer’s, the most common form of dementia, is a disease that afflicts more than 4 million older citizens in the US. Alzheimers is a degenerative neurological disorder that leads to impairments in memory, thinking and reasoning. AD is the most common cause of dementia in older people, and mainly affects people 65 and over. Within the last few years, there have been drugs that can temporarily treat the patients, but it remains a form of dementia that is irreversible. The disease is very hard on both the person who receives the diagnosis and on his or her family and friends. Aside from medical help, those affected by the diagnosis may want to consider counseling and support groups to help them cope. In its†¦show more content†¦In addition, having any close relative who develops Alzheimers increases risk. By age 80, people with Alzheimers disease in both parents had a 54% risk, 1.5 times the risk of Alzheimers in people with just one affected parent, and 5 times the risk of people with two unaffected parents. People with Down syndrome or certain forms of mental retardation also have a higher risk for the disease, while individuals who have completed an education beyond 9th grade may have some protection against the illness. In the first stage of Alzheimer’s, a patient is increasingly and persistently forgetful, and may forget recent events or directions to familiar places. They have mild personality changes where they may become paranoid, very confused, or fearful. Unexplainable mood or behavior changes can occur. They often have a loss of judgment and problems with abstract thinking. They frequently misplace items, sometimes in odd places. They may forget the reason for entering a room, while later forgetting the way home Patients also experience aphasia, or difficulties finding the right word. As the disease progresses to moderate Alzheimers disease, the person has noticeable memory loss, have difficulty performing familiar tasks, frequently use words inappropriately and sentences can become incomprehensible. Patients will often suffer from apraxia, when they begin to lose the ability to perform normal tasks ofShow MoreRelatedAlzheimers Disease945 Words   |  4 PagesAlzheimer’s Diseas e Alzheimer’s Disease is a progressive neurological disease; it often attacks the brain tissues causing memory loss of one’s identity and regular behaviors. Statistics indicates that the rate of predicted people to get Alzheimer’s will increase briskly as time goes on. There are currently no cures for such disastrous disease, but there are currently approved treatments available that can help people within the early stages of Alzheimer’s. Once the disease is too far alongRead MoreAlzheimers Disease3170 Words   |  13 PagesThe Role of Caregiving to Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease Megan Zann April 27, 2012 Health Psychology Dr. Ackerman Introduction It is normal to periodically forget your keys or a homework assignment, because you generally remember these things later. However, individuals who suffer from Alzheimer’s disease may forget things more often, but they do not remember them again. The incidence of Alzheimer’s disease has dramatically increased because people are living longer. This is a result ofRead MoreEssay on Alzheimers Disease1503 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Alzheimer’s disease is a form of dementia that gets worse over time. It leads to nerve cell death, and tissue loss throughout the brain. Over time, the brain shrinks dramatically, affecting nearly all its functions. It gradually destroys a persons memory and ability to learn and carry out daily activities such as talking, eating, and going to the bathroom† (What Is Alzheimer’s). Early symptoms include personality changes, memory impairment, problems with language, decision-making ability, judgmentRead MoreAlzheimers Dis ease Essay2414 Words   |  10 PagesAlzheimers Disease Alzheimer’s disease is the disease of the century. This disease is affecting many lives, families, and caregivers. This research presented is to help educate on the topic of Alzheimer’s disease, which many people aren’t aware enough about. Statistics are given to show how extreme this disease is, and how many people it’s affecting in society. Also statistics are presented that give the amount of money being spent relating to Alzheimer’s disease. This research explainsRead MoreAlzheimer’s Disease Essay2544 Words   |  11 PagesAlzheimer’s disease defined: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, terminal, degenerative brain disease. It is the fourth leading cause of death in adults and currently affects over four million people in the United States. This number is expected to increase over the next several years as the baby boomers age, until it reaches fourteen million by the year 2025. Alzheimer disease generally occurs in people over seventy five years of age; however it does strike people in their forties, fiftiesRead MoreEssay on Alzheimers Disease2405 Words   |  10 PagesAlzheimers Disease is a condition that affects 50% of the population over the age of eighty five, which equals four million Americans each year. It is becoming an important and high-profile issue in todays society for everyone. There are rapid advancements being made in the fight against this disease now more than ever, and the purpose of this essay is to educate the public on the background as well as the new discoveries. There are many new drugs that are being tested and studied every day whichRead MoreEssay on Alzheimers Disease813 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Topic: Alzheimer’s Disease Specific Purpose: To help my audience understand what Alzheimer’s Disease is. Thesis Statement: The need to educate people on Alzheimer’s Disease for family members or friends in-case a loved one is diagnosed. Introduction: A. What would one do if their family member or friend knew of someone who was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s Disease? What would they do to help or take care of this family member? Well, I work in a nursing home with the elderly with this diseaseRead MoreAlzheimers Disease Essay2168 Words   |  9 PagesAlzheimer’s disease or AD is an incurable disorder of the brain that results in loss of normal brain structure and function. In an AD brain, normal brain tissue is slowly replaced by structures called plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The plaques represent a naturally occurring sticky protein called beta amyloid and in an Alzheimer’s brain, sufferer’s tend to accumulate too much of this protein. Neurofibrillary tangles represent collapsed tau proteins which, in a normal brain along with microtubulesRead MoreEssay on Alzheimers Disease 512 Words   |  3 Pagesmajor medical advancements like the world has never seen before, some diseases still continue t o plague the human race and confuse even some of the brightest scientists today. Unfortunately, Alzheimer Disease (AD) is one of them and it affects between 2.4 and 4.5 million people in America. Alzheimer’s is usually diagnosed in people over the age of 65, but in rarer cases people as young as 16 have it. Since it is a degenerative disease, patients develop it with few symptoms at an earlier stage, but thenRead More Alzheimer’s Disease Essay1176 Words   |  5 PagesAlzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s Disease is a disease of the future. With the growing aged population, this disease, which affects primarily the elderly, will become of increasing relevance to the medical profession. Also, the high frequency of Alzheimer’s, and the high cost in labor, money, and material of caring for its victims shall put considerable burden on the society as a whole. Here, however, these issues are not going to be debated. Instead the pathology of Alzheimer’s will be reviewed

Books About African American Women and Feminist Theory

Feminism in the 1960s and 1970s made a difference in the life of women in the United States, but the womens movement is often remembered as being too white. Many black feminists responded to the womens liberation movement and the cries of sisterhood with writings that critically analyzed the second wave of feminism or provided missing pieces of the puzzle. Here is a list of five important books about African-American feminism: Ain’t I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism by bell hooks (1981)The important feminist writer bell hooks responds to racism in the second-wave feminist movement and sexism in the Civil Rights movement. All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave edited by Gloria T. Hull, Patricia Bell Scott and Barbara Smith   (1982)Racism, the feminist â€Å"sisterhood,† myths about women, Black consciousness, history, literature and theory combine in this interdisciplinary anthology. In Search of Our Mothers’ Gardens: Womanist Prose by Alice Walker (1983)A collection of nearly 20 years of Alice Walkers writing about the civil rights and peace movements, feminist theory, families, white society, black writers and the â€Å"womanist† tradition. Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches by Audre Lorde (1984)An eye-opening collection about feminism, transformation, anger, sexism and identity from the marvelous poet Audre Lorde. Words of Fire: An Ant hology of African-American Feminist Thought edited by Beverly Guy-Sheftall   (1995)This collection includes the philosophies of black women from the 1830s through the turn of the 21st century. Sojourner Truth, Ida Wells-Barnett, Angela Davis, Pauli Murray and Alice Walker are just a few of the writers included.

ADHD Effects and Management Free Essays

The subject of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has undergone intense research in the past decade. Much of this is rooted in the fact that approximately 5% of children are affected with the disorder. Children with ADHD are identified as having increased behavioral difficulties because of excessive motor activities, poor self regulation and inattentiveness (Dulkan et al. We will write a custom essay sample on ADHD: Effects and Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now , 1997). It has been found that as many as 30% of children inflicted with ADHD have learning disabilities with academic underachievement becoming a common correlate. Since these children do not meet the expectations of society and their learning environment they are usually met with anger, punishment, and rejection. In turn these children develop a low-self esteem and low levels of motivation (Morgan, 1997). The etiology of ADHD is still a mystery to researchers. Within the field there are many correlates to biological (genetic) and social causes. The present paper seeks to explore current research through investigating the social and bio-genetic influence of ADHD on child intelligence. Testing and treatments of those with ADHD will also be discussed. In accordance with Dulcan et al. (1997) ADD, ADD-H, ADHD, although not identical, will be considered interchangeably due to similarity. Characteristics and Testing of ADHD Intelligence Even though ADHD occurs in people of every intelligence, a majority of children affected experience academic problems. These children may have specific learning disabilities, such as dyslexia, or may have multiple learning problems (Beiderman et al., 1993). In a study by MacLeod et al. (1996) comparing ADHD children with those unaffected, those with the disorder performed significantly worse than the others. Learning disabilities can be said to arise from attentional difficulties in the classroom setting. Many of these difficulties occur in tasks where listening and time is a factor. Reading disabilities have also been found as a result of ADHD (Millberger et al., 1991). Even though there is a higher prevalence of boys and those with low intelligence diagnosed, others with ADHD are impaired as well. Results have found that girls with this disorder face greater intellectual impairment, especially with picture vocabulary tasks, than boys or control girls (Seidman et al., 1997). There is also significant findings that the level of intelligence affects ADHD children in different ways. More specifically, those with both ADHD and normal to high intelligence are more prone to accidents, and have a smaller number of steady friends. Children who were identified with low intelligence and ADHD were found to have more behavioral and emotional problems in their adolescence. Long term studies have found that the outcome of these children was continued academic problems and school failures (Aman et al., 1996). However, there is suggestion ADHD children show greater artistic ability when writing or drawing slowly and precisely (Morgan, 1997). Testing the intelligence of ADHD involves a number of measures. Psychoeducational testing is used to assess intellectual ability and to search for learning disabilities. Tests such as the Wechler Intelligence Scale are used for intelligence testing, yet, much debate exists because of the need to change the test to meet the child’s attention deficits (Braswell, 1991). A new intelligence test has been created by Naglieri (1997) called the Cognitive Assessment System to help diagnose and measure ADHD intelligence. This test is based on the premise that traditional tests don’t measure processes such as planning and attention, which is essential in testing and detecting ADHD students. There is inconsistent data for the use of computerized tests of attention and vigilance for this purpose (Dulcan et al, 1997). In many cases the effects of ADHD on children†s intelligence is influenced by social factors. For instance studies show that symptoms become worse in situations which are unstructured, minimally supervised, boring, or require sustained attention or mental effort (Dulcan et al., 1997). A study by Greene et al. (1996) purports that learning disabilities are lead by difficulties in social functioning. There is an inverse deviation in IQ scores when related with increased social disability scores. The same study looked at teacher perceptions, which showed that the less likable and more aggressive the child was, the lower the performance. In researching verbal deficits in ADHD children, Faraone (1993) found many early intellectual problems linked with disruptive behavior such as hyperactivity and aggression. Data also shows that parental conflict, diminished family cohesion, and number of parents psychiatrically ill during the child’s lifetime adversely affected intelligence scores (Greene et al., 1995). The researchers conclude that a significant correlation links IQ and social functioning. Another study by Biederman et al. (1995) shows similar results. Six factors were listed from the family environment which correlated with ADHD children’s cognitive deficits. These include: severe marital discord, low social class, large family size, paternal criminal record, maternal mental disorder and foster home placement. This study asserts that children with ADHD have a more â€Å"malleable† IQ and are more adversely affected. The Greene et al. (1995) study, argues that family size is of no significance. Conversely, when investigating parental style and family influence on ADHD IQ levels, Naussbaum (1990) reports that little evidence exists. Poor school achievement for ADHD children is also associated with the need for immediate reinforcement. These children have been shown to perform as well as others in situations where consistent, immediate and positive reinforcement is in place. Rule governed behavior is additionally difficult for these students. Even when they understand the rules, they do not follow through with correct behavior, therefore the right social environment is necessary. Theories of Vygotsky†s such as â€Å"self talk† and social guidance were listed as possible influences (Braswell, 1990). Studies have found that lower intelligence in ADHD children is not socially mediated, but in fact rooted in genetics and human biology. In testing the families of these children, it has been shown that siblings show increased learning disabilities and higher rates of ADHD (Faraone, 1993). Family patterns show that approximately 20 to 30 percent of children with ADHD have a parent or sibling with similar problems. There is the suggestion that these children inherit a type of nervous system which makes them prone to learning disabilities (Nussbaum, 1990). Data from family risk, adoption, and twin research are supportive of this assertion (Braswell, 1991). However, recent research has indicated that ADHD and learning disabilities are transmitted independently in families and that their occurrence is due to non-random mating (Milberger et al., 1995). In looking at probands of parents, Biederman et al. (1993) also conclude ADHD and learning disabilities are independent, and rather due to random mating, therefore not etiologically dependent. Other researchers claim the intellectual deficit lies in physiological anomalies. More specifically, imbalance in the neurotransmitter systems of the brain, dysfunction in the reticular activating system, or a lag in brain development (Nussbaum, 1990). In determining if the neurocogonitive characteristic in individuals with resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) are similar to those with ADHD, researchers have found that children with RTH have like deficient achievement levels as those with ADHD (Stein et al., 1995). There is also evidence that epinephrine (EPI) levels are lower in ADHD children. Urinary EPI levels are inversely related to fidgeting and aggression for second-grade ADHD students. During intelligence testing, results have shown that these EPI levels during a cognitive challenge is at least 40% lower than controls (Hanna et al., 1996). In a study which had subjects enhance beta activity and suppress theta in EEG activity during cognitive testing, those with ADHD improved in intelligence testing. Improvements were assumed to be a result of attention enhancement affected by EEG biofeedback (Linden et al., 1996). Improving Learning Disabilities in ADHD Children Investigating effectiveness of treatments of ADHD learning disabilities allows additional information on the social and bio-genetic causes of academic underacheivement related with this disorder. It has been stated that both instruction and contingency management is necessary to remedy academic deficits. Some techniques include; token economies, class rules, attention to positive behavior, as well as time out and response cost programs. Suggested to compliment and further increase probability of improvement is the alliance of parents, patient and school with the consideration of individual needs for the student and subsequently accommodating the environment to these needs. Scales such as the Academic Performance Rating Scale or daily report cards (due to necessity of immediate reinforcement) are useful in monitoring performance (Dulcan, 1997). Cognitive-behavioral interventions have also been shown to have a positive effect in academic achievement. Interventions such as self-instructional training, problem-solving training, attribution retraining and stress reduction procedure work as well. However well they work, these methods of interventions have not been widely implemented in treatment of ADHD children (Braswell, 1991). Many children are segregated into learning disability classes separate from other students. It is essential tutoring and resources be made for the child, however, many are able to learn at the same level with the other children. It has been found that many ADHD children are inappropriately placed in special education programs for the learning disabled. This is mainly because of social maladjustment, so extremes are not necessary. A percentage of ADHD students do exhibit normal intelligence but are socially inept. Therefore careful testing and diagnoses is imperative for the improvement of these youths. And by failing to provide interventions for their behavior problems, they may become restricted in their opportunities for academic success (Lopez et al., 1996). It is quite often found that the majority of ADHD children improve with psychopharmaceuticals, specifically stimulants such as Ritalin. Results reveal that medication related improvements include increased work output, improved accuracy and efficiency, and better learning acquisition (Dulkin et al., 1997). Learning and achievements in arithmetic, reading, and fine motor skills improve as well. There is a 70 to 90 percent response rate to stimulants (Gillberg et al., 1997). These results are quite dramatic in short term, but long term efficacy is still questioned (Braswell, 1991). There is much consensus in literature that a combination of treatment types is best to improve academic deficits. The cornerstones of treatment are support, education of parents, appropriate school placement, and psychopharmacology (Braswell et al., 1991; Dulcan et al., 1997; Gillberg et al., 1997; Nussbaum et al., 1990). In reviewing the current literature on how intelligence is affected by ADHD, it is easy to see that it is a subject yet to be firmly defined. Intelligence tests have been erroneously utilized in diagnosing and categorizing ADHD children and new tests must be developed in accordance to their disorder (Naglieri, 1997). The current increase in ADHD children seems somewhat suspicious. Is it an increase in the children, or a decrease in the deserved attention they are receiving from parents? The stimulant Ritalin is being overly diagnosed as a quick fix. There must be much more behavioral and parental/school attention intervention in order for this epidemic of hyper children to be curbed. It would be interesting to see this generation of Ritalin children grow. Intelligence and ADHD have been linked in twin and adoption studies to family, therefore these studies could still be testing quite different things. Other studies also have found links in hyperactivity and affect to genetic dispositions. In testing, it is hard to determine if it is genetic or environmental due to the fact that many with ADHD can also be without learning disorders (Beiderman et al., 1993). Therefore, if we are to label this as a disease a bio-social etiological approach is necessary in diagnosis, treatment and intelligence assessment. How to cite ADHD: Effects and Management, Essay examples

Medicare Essay Paper Example For Students

Medicare Essay Paper Word Count: 1379TheDebateEssay submitted by Unknown The U.S. government have denied that Medicare has been going bankrupt. Although the government may say that Medicare has plenty of money it is untrue because it is a fact that Medicare will go bankrupt by the year 2001 as stated by preliminary sources. Medicare is one of the main sources of funding for those people that have no money or very small amount of money. The community service that was done for this research paper is hospital volunteering at John Muir Medical Center. The community service included various jobs that was needed to be done were, Putting items away for nurses, discharging patients, doing paper work, feeding patients, answering phones, and helping patients when they ask for assistance. The floor I worked on was Oncology (The branch of medicine that deals with tumors, including study of their development, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention). This community service has help me gain insight on the Medicare situat ion because I have asked multiple amount of people that work at John Muir Medical Center. There is a side to be considered about Medicare and Social Security in the government. The vice president of the United States, Al Gore, wrote in a letter stating that social security funds are not being depleted. Gore said that, the allegations to the contrary have been circulated by certain organizations as a money-making scheme for some time. (Gore Letter). Vice President Gore tries to show theses allegations are untrue by explaining how social security works. In this letter, Vice President Gore cleared up the allegations by writing that, When Social Security taxes are collected, they are credited to the Social Security trust funds with government security, perhaps the safest investment in the United States. In history Medicare has experience a few problem regarding its funding. Problems have occurred over the history of Medicare. The major problem and most recent of Medicare is that it is g oing bankrupt. Medicare is another legacy of Lyndon Baines Johnson Great Society. Spending is obviously out of control. On June 5th the government announced that the Medicare Trust Fund would go broke by the year 2001(nationaldebt). In 1965 when LBJ started Health and Medicare, the Total Federal Spending for the year was $101 Billion. By the year 2000 we will spend over 4 times than amount on Health and Medicare alone, and Medicare will equal the annual spending for Defense(CNN). Under our Constitution, Defense is a specific responsibility of the Federal Government. Medicare is a step-child of our Liberal/Socialists. You might keep this in mind when we get to the point where we have to chose what we CAN do versus what we would LIKE to do. By the year 2002 Medicare will have exceeded defense spending Healthcare has been a problem for the government as well for it has added to the enormous debt the country already has. Another major problem of Medicare is that the government does not regulate Medicare enough(Medicare). Medicare affects all different aspects of different programs. For instance Medicare affects Social Security (national debt). Social Security has already exceeded Defense spending by almost double. Just like Medicare, Social Security is being abused. Abused meaning that people take advantage of it. It is different from Medicare because less people can use Social Security because it is set aside for the tax payers of this country. The mechanism is similar to depositing money in a bank. As you know, when a bank accepts a deposit. It takes that money and uses it for loans and investments in order to provide a positive return to share holders and interest-bearing accounts. The deposit is credited to an account, and as long as the account has a positive balance, the bank is obligated to honor debits to it. In the same way, the trust funds balances represent and have swerved as financial claims against the government-claims on which the Department of the Treasury has never defaulted. (Gore Letter). This letter written by Al Gore shows the government side of the issue on Social Security. The government does make its point in describing that Social Security is not endanger of losing money or even going bankrupt. According to Al Gore he mentioned that, Social Security represents an important commitment to the elderly which must not and will not be abandoned. I assure you that Social Security has ample funds to continue supporting the programs upon which many older Americans depend. (Gore Letter). Vice President Gore has given a very good explanation of why Social Security will not run out of funds. The following shows the explanation that is given to the public. The dilemma is that most of the public do not want to listen to what the government has to say about an issue so they take matters into their own hands. The federal healthcare program for the elderly is a system of checks and balances where change is expected. The fact that we have something within the next year or so to ensure that nothing goes bad in the year 2001 or 2002 is expected(CNN1). But the government is not going to do that by slashing benefits. The reason for the projected bankruptcy is because Medicare is serving around 37 million people, and costs taxpayers an average of 200 billion dollars a year. Medicare and Social Security account for 34% of the current federal budget(CNN2). The percentage is expected to rise 5 percent in the next 5 years, partly because Americans are living longer now a day. Men and women are living about 6 years longer than they did in the 1960s (CNN2). A survey was taken by CNN on the opinions of peoples healthcare plans. On an average people gave their health plan an average score of a B or better so people were satisfied with their health plan(CNN). The community service that I did tied into Medicare and Social Security because I saw a lot of patients using Medicare. They had a lot of trouble with it sometimes. I d id learn that even if patients do not have Medicare or insurance they will generally still accept the person into the hospital because the hospital does not have the heart to turn them away. My volunteering experience at John Muir Medical Center has help me understand Medicare a lot better because nurses were kind enough to answer all my questions about Medicare from filling out the form to problems and how they deal with them. Medicare will eventually go bankrupt because at the rate that people are using it and how fast that number is increasing Medicare will be out of funding indefinitely by the year 2001. The only thing that can be done is to raise taxes but that would be impossible because it is already costing taxpayers 200 billion dollars a year to keep Medicare going and that is hardly enough to even keep it going(CNN2). In fact that is not enough to keep it going. How to fix Medicare is the greatest challenge. This issue is a very important one that will eventually come unde r fire as we approach that year 2001 when Medicare is projected to go bankrupt. This issue might not be resolved and we could be seeing the end of Medicare. I this issue will get solved some how the taxpayers will pay Medicare out of trouble. This reminds me of an experience I had volunteering at John Muir Medical Center. I was working my shift and I experienced the pain of people that had there Medicare turned down. I remember seeing how angry patient was as she started to weep. This really showed the how important Medicare is to people and if that goes down a lot of people will be left without health coverage. This will cause a lot arguments on the side of the taxpayers but if the government does pass the bill taxpayers will have no choice. This solution might get Medicare out of the drain but will it really make people happy? Even if Medicare fails there will be others behind Medicare like Medicaid, MediCal, Social Security to help out but losing Medicare will be a major blow to society and U.S. may not recover from this one for a very long time. .u70ecca3d1252bd221a5bc92cddebf415 , .u70ecca3d1252bd221a5bc92cddebf415 .postImageUrl , .u70ecca3d1252bd221a5bc92cddebf415 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u70ecca3d1252bd221a5bc92cddebf415 , .u70ecca3d1252bd221a5bc92cddebf415:hover , .u70ecca3d1252bd221a5bc92cddebf415:visited , .u70ecca3d1252bd221a5bc92cddebf415:active { border:0!important; } .u70ecca3d1252bd221a5bc92cddebf415 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u70ecca3d1252bd221a5bc92cddebf415 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u70ecca3d1252bd221a5bc92cddebf415:active , .u70ecca3d1252bd221a5bc92cddebf415:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u70ecca3d1252bd221a5bc92cddebf415 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u70ecca3d1252bd221a5bc92cddebf415 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u70ecca3d1252bd221a5bc92cddebf415 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u70ecca3d1252bd221a5bc92cddebf415 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u70ecca3d1252bd221a5bc92cddebf415:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u70ecca3d1252bd221a5bc92cddebf415 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u70ecca3d1252bd221a5bc92cddebf415 .u70ecca3d1252bd221a5bc92cddebf415-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u70ecca3d1252bd221a5bc92cddebf415:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Physics: Newton's Laws of Motion and Force Accelerating Essay